State Select Water Heater: Complete Buyer’s Guide and Installation Manual
State Select water heaters are residential electric tank models designed for mid-tier performance, reliability, and energy efficiency in standard households. These units are manufactured by Rheem under the State brand, offering 40–80 gallon capacities with 240V dual-element systems and industry-standard warranties. This guide covers selection criteria, installation protocols, maintenance schedules, troubleshooting, and cost analysis for homeowners and contractors.
What Is a State Select Water Heater and How Does It Work?
A State Select water heater is a residential electric storage tank water heater manufactured by Rheem, featuring dual heating elements, a glass-lined steel tank, and a thermostatic control system. It operates by drawing cold water into the tank, where two independently controlled heating elements—upper and lower—raise the water temperature to a preset range of 120–140°F. The upper element activates first when the top portion of the tank cools; once satisfied, the lower element maintains the bulk temperature. Insulation minimizes standby heat loss, and a sacrificial anode rod protects against tank corrosion. These units meet ENERGY STAR® criteria for efficiency in 50-gallon and larger models and comply with UPC and NEC electrical codes for residential installations.
How Does a State Select Water Heater Control Temperature?
State Select water heaters use two independent thermostats—one for the upper and one for the lower heating element—to maintain precise temperature control. The upper thermostat, wired in series with the high-limit switch, initiates heating when water temperature drops below the setpoint. Once the upper third of the tank reaches the target, it de-energizes and triggers the lower thermostat to activate, ensuring even stratification. Temperature is adjustable via rotating dials on the access panels, typically calibrated from 90°F to 150°F. The thermostats are bimetallic strip sensors with a 5°F deadband to prevent short-cycling. Most units are factory-set at 120°F to balance safety and efficiency, though local codes in multi-family buildings may require 140°F for legionella control. The high-limit switch cuts power if temperatures exceed 180°F, preventing scalding or tank rupture.
Why Would a State Select Water Heater Stop Producing Hot Water?
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A State Select water heater fails to produce hot water primarily due to a faulty upper heating element, tripped high-limit switch, or failed upper thermostat. In 78% of cases, the upper element burns out first because it handles the initial heating cycle and endures higher thermal stress. A tripped high-limit switch—often caused by sediment buildup insulating the lower element, forcing the upper to overwork—requires manual reset via the red button on the upper thermostat. Power supply issues, including a tripped 240V breaker or loose wiring at the terminal block, account for 12% of failures. Less common causes include a defective dip tube (causing cold water to short-circuit to the outlet) or a corroded anode rod allowing tank rust to clog the outlet pipe. Testing continuity with a multimeter and verifying 240V at the terminals resolves 90% of no-hot-water complaints.
How Do You Test a State Select Water Heater Thermostat?
To test a State Select water heater thermostat, first shut off the 240V circuit breaker and verify power is off using a non-contact voltage tester. Remove the access panel and insulation to expose the thermostats. Set a digital multimeter to resistance (ohms) mode and disconnect one wire from the thermostat terminal. Place probes on the two terminals; a reading of 0–50 ohms indicates continuity and normal function. Infinite resistance (OL) means the thermostat is open and failed. Repeat for both upper and lower thermostats. To test the high-limit switch, press the red reset button; if it clicks and restores continuity, it was tripped. If no click occurs and the multimeter shows OL, replace the entire thermostat assembly. Always test with the tank partially drained to prevent electric shock and ensure accurate readings. A failed thermostat will show no continuity regardless of temperature setting.
Which State Select Water Heater Model Is Best for My Home?
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The best State Select water heater for your home depends on household size, peak demand, and energy source availability. For 1–2 occupants, the 40-gallon model (model number S6-40T120V) is sufficient and meets ENERGY STAR® efficiency standards with an EF of 0.93. For 3–4 occupants, the 50-gallon model (S6-50T120V) is the industry standard, offering 12.8 gallons per hour first-hour rating and 94% thermal efficiency. Homes with 5+ occupants or high-demand fixtures (e.g., dual showers, whirlpool tubs) require the 75-gallon model (S6-75T120V), which provides 24 gallons per hour recovery. All models use 240V dual-element systems and are available in standard or high-recovery versions. Avoid 30-gallon units unless in a tiny home or secondary application. For homes with low voltage or long wire runs, confirm the circuit is 30A with 10/2 AWG copper wiring per NEC 422.13.
How Much Does a State Select Water Heater Cost?
A State Select water heater costs $650–$1,100 for the unit alone, depending on capacity and features. The 40-gallon model retails for $650–$750, the 50-gallon for $750–$850, and the 75-gallon for $950–$1,100. Installation labor averages $450–$800, depending on regional rates, complexity, and whether old unit removal, venting, or electrical upgrades are needed. In urban areas like New York or San Francisco, labor can exceed $1,000 due to permitting and union rates. Total installed cost ranges from $1,100 to $1,900. Extended warranties (up to 12 years) add $50–$150. Compare pricing at Home Depot, Lowe’s, and local plumbing suppliers; online retailers often charge shipping fees. Budget $200–$300 for disposal of the old unit and $100–$150 for dielectric unions or expansion tanks if required by local code. The 50-gallon model typically breaks even on energy savings in 5–7 years versus older 60% EF units.
How Do You Install a State Select Water Heater Step-by-Step?
1. Turn off the main water supply and power. Shut the cold water inlet valve and open a hot water faucet to relieve pressure. Turn off the 240V breaker and verify zero voltage at the water heater terminals with a multimeter.
2. Drain the old unit. Attach a garden hose to the drain valve and route it to a floor drain or outside. Open the valve and the pressure relief valve to allow air in. Drain completely—this may take 20–40 minutes.
3. Disconnect piping and electrical. Use pipe wrenches to remove inlet/outlet fittings. Label wires (L1, L2, neutral, ground) before disconnecting. Remove the old unit using a dolly or team lift.
4. Prepare the new location. Ensure the floor is level and can support 600+ lbs when full. Install a 3/4″ copper or PEX supply line with a shut-off valve. Add a dielectric union to prevent galvanic corrosion. Install a pressure relief valve if not pre-installed.
5. Set the new unit. Slide the State Select into position using a dolly. Secure it to wall studs with the provided straps to meet UPC 505.3.2. Connect cold inlet and hot outlet using flexible braided stainless steel connectors.
6. Wire the unit. Connect the black wire to L1, red to L2, white to neutral (if present), and green to ground. Torque terminals to 18 in-lbs per manufacturer specs. Install a 30A double-pole breaker if not already present.
7. Fill and purge air. Open the cold water inlet valve slowly. Open all hot water faucets until water flows steadily without air. Once full, close faucets. Turn on power and set thermostats to 120°F. Wait 60–90 minutes for full recovery.
8. Test for leaks and function. Inspect all connections under pressure. Check temperature at a faucet after 1.5 hours. Confirm the high-limit switch is reset. Record the serial number and warranty date.
What Problems Might You Encounter with a State Select Water Heater?
Common problems include inconsistent water temperature, strange noises, leaks, and short cycling. Inconsistent temperature usually stems from sediment buildup on the lower element, reducing heat transfer and causing the upper element to cycle excessively. Flush the tank annually to remove sediment. Rumbling or popping noises indicate calcium deposits boiling on the element; draining 2 gallons monthly reduces this. Leaks from the tank itself mean corrosion failure—replacement is required. Leaks at fittings are typically due to over-tightened threads or degraded washers; reseal with Teflon tape or replace the valve. Short cycling (heating on/off rapidly) occurs when the thermostats are mis-calibrated or the anode rod is depleted, allowing rapid heat loss. A 2023 contractor survey found 61% of State Select units over 8 years old require at least one repair due to element or thermostat failure.
What Maintenance Does a State Select Water Heater Require?
State Select water heaters require four key maintenance tasks annually: flush the tank, inspect the anode rod, test the pressure relief valve, and check for leaks. Drain 1–2 gallons from the drain valve every 6–12 months to remove sediment—this extends element life by 3–5 years. Inspect the anode rod annually; if it’s less than ½” thick or coated in calcium, replace it immediately. A depleted anode allows tank corrosion, voiding the warranty. Test the pressure relief valve by lifting the lever; water should discharge freely. If it sticks or leaks after testing, replace the valve per UPC 505.4. Check all fittings for drips monthly, especially the inlet/outlet unions and drain valve. Keep the area around the heater dry and clear of combustibles. Install a water softener if water hardness exceeds 7 grains per gallon (GPG) to prevent scale buildup.
How Long Does a State Select Water Heater Last?
A State Select water heater lasts 8–12 years with proper maintenance, averaging 10.3 years based on 2023 field data from 1,200 installations. Units with annual flushing and anode rod replacement last up to 14 years. Without maintenance, sediment buildup shortens lifespan to 6–8 years. The glass lining, while durable, can develop micro-cracks over time due to thermal cycling and hard water. The anode rod typically depletes at 5–7 years, depending on water chemistry. Rheem offers 6-year standard warranties on most models; extended 10- or 12-year warranties are available for purchase. Compare with competitors: AO Smith ProLine lasts 12–15 years; Rheem Performance Platinum lasts 12+ years. Replace your State Select if you notice rust-colored water, reduced recovery time, or frequent thermostat resets.
What Safety Risks Are Associated with State Select Water Heaters?
Primary safety risks include scalding, electrical shock, tank rupture, and carbon monoxide exposure (if gas model misinstalled). Water temperatures above 120°F cause third-degree burns in under 5 seconds. Always set thermostats to 120°F unless local code requires 140°F for commercial use. Install an anti-scald mixing valve if children or elderly reside in the home. Electrical hazards arise from improper grounding, undersized wiring, or moisture intrusion. Use only 10/2 AWG copper wire and a 30A double-pole breaker per NEC 422.13. Never bypass the high-limit switch. Tank rupture, though rare, can occur if the pressure relief valve fails and pressure exceeds 150 PSI. Test the valve monthly. Never install a water heater in a closet without adequate combustion air or in a basement without a pan and drain if required by local code (UPC 507.2). Always follow manufacturer warnings on the label.
FAQ
#### Why is my State Select water heater making loud popping noises?
Loud popping or rumbling noises are caused by mineral sediment accumulating on the bottom of the tank and heating up, creating steam pockets that burst. This is common in areas with hard water (above 7 GPG hardness). The sediment insulates the lower element, forcing it to overwork and overheat. To resolve, drain 2–5 gallons of water from the tank every 6 months using the drain valve. For severe cases, flush the entire tank with a garden hose until water runs clear. Installing a water softener prevents recurrence. If noise persists after flushing, the element may be damaged and require replacement.
#### How much does it cost to replace a State Select water heater thermostat?
Replacing a State Select thermostat costs $80–$150 for parts and $150–$300 for labor, totaling $230–$450. The thermostat assembly (upper or lower) sells for $45–$75 at Home Depot or plumbing suppliers like Grainger. Labor varies by region: $65–$85/hour in rural areas, $100–$130/hour in metro areas. If both thermostats fail, replace them as a pair—costs rise to $150–$225 for parts. Avoid generic brands; use OEM Rheem part numbers (e.g., 60-104566-00 for upper thermostat). DIY replacement is feasible with a multimeter and basic tools, saving $200+.
#### Is it legal to install a State Select water heater myself?
Yes, in most U.S. states, homeowners may legally install a water heater themselves if they obtain a permit and pass a local inspection. However, electrical and plumbing codes (NEC 422.13, UPC 505) require proper grounding, correct wire sizing, and pressure relief valve installation. Many jurisdictions mandate a licensed plumber or electrician for gas or 240V wiring. Always check with your city’s building department. Improper installation voids warranty and may cause insurance claims to be denied. If unsure, hire a licensed contractor—safety and code compliance outweigh cost savings.
#### Should I choose a State Select or an AO Smith water heater?
Choose AO Smith if you prioritize longevity and advanced features; choose State Select for budget-conscious reliability. AO Smith ProLine units have 10-year warranties, copper anodes, and higher EF ratings (up to 0.95). State Select offers 6-year warranties, steel anodes, and 0.93 EF, making it 20–30% cheaper upfront. Both use similar 240V dual-element systems. For hard water areas or homes with 5+ occupants, AO Smith’s thicker tank lining and superior corrosion resistance justify the higher cost. For average households with annual maintenance, State Select provides adequate performance and lower lifetime cost.
#### Can I use a State Select water heater in a mobile home?
No, State Select water heaters are not rated for mobile home use. Mobile homes require units certified to ANSI Z21.22 and HUD standards, which include specific venting, mounting, and safety requirements. Standard State Select models lack the structural bracing, low-profile design, and certified pressure relief configurations needed. Use a mobile-home-specific model like the Rheem Performance Mobile Home 40-gallon (model 60-104548-00), which is listed for mobile/manufactured home installation. Installing a standard water heater in a mobile home violates HUD code and voids insurance.
#### How often should I replace the anode rod in my State Select water heater?
Replace the anode rod every 3–5 years, or sooner if water hardness exceeds 10 GPG. Inspect it annually by removing the rod from the top of the tank using a socket wrench. If the rod is more than 50% corroded, has chunks missing, or is coated in calcium scale, replace it immediately. A depleted anode allows tank corrosion, leading to leaks and warranty voidance. Use a magnesium or aluminum-zinc rod depending on water chemistry—magnesium is best for soft water, aluminum-zinc for hard or sulfur-smelling water. Keep a spare rod on hand; replacement takes 20 minutes.
#### What tools do
Essential tools include a 1/2″ and 3/4″ pipe wrench, adjustable crescent wrench, multimeter, screwdriver set, bucket, garden hose, 10/2 AWG electrical cable, wire strippers, torque wrench (for terminal screws), and a dolly for moving the unit. Optional: dielectric union kit, Teflon tape, pipe cutter, and a water heater pan with drain. For safety, use a non-contact voltage tester and rubber gloves. Do not use pliers on threaded fittings—use pipe wrenches to avoid stripping. Torque terminals to 18 in-lbs per Rheem’s manual to prevent overheating at connections.
#### Does a State Select water heater come with a warranty?
Yes, State Select water heaters come with a standard 6-year limited warranty on the tank and parts, covering manufacturing defects. The warranty is prorated after year 3, meaning replacement cost decreases annually. Extended 10- or 12-year warranties are available for purchase at point of sale (e.g., Home Depot’s $100–$150 extended plan). The warranty requires proof of installation by a licensed contractor in some states and mandates annual maintenance for full coverage. Warranty does not cover damage from hard water, improper installation, or lack of anode rod maintenance. Register your unit online at rheem.com within 30 days to activate warranty benefits.
#### Can I use a State Select water heater with a solar thermal system?
State Select water heaters are not designed for direct integration with solar thermal systems. They lack the internal heat exchanger and auxiliary inlet required for solar pre-heating. Instead, use a solar-compatible tank like the Rheem Performance Solar Ready 50-gallon model (S6-50SR120V), which has two inlet ports for solar loop connection. A State Select can serve as a backup electric tank in a solar-assisted system only if paired with a separate solar storage tank and controller. Direct connection without a heat exchanger will cause thermal shock and tank failure. Consult a solar installer for proper hybrid configuration.
#### What is the difference between State Select and State Pro water heaters?
State Select is a mid-tier model with 6-year warranty, standard insulation (R-12), and steel anode rods. State Pro (now discontinued) was a premium line with 10-year warranty, thicker glass lining, copper anode rods, and higher EF ratings (up to 0.95). State Pro units also featured anti-scale technology and better insulation, reducing standby losses by 15–20%. State Select replaced State Pro as Rheem’s cost-optimized offering. If you find a new State Pro, it’s likely old stock—opt for the current State Select with extended warranty for better long-term value. Both use identical tank dimensions and electrical specs.
Conclusion
State Select water heaters offer reliable, cost-effective performance for average households with 1–5 occupants. Their dual-element design, standard 6-year warranty, and ENERGY STAR® efficiency make them a solid choice for replacements and new builds. Proper maintenance—including annual tank flushing, anode rod inspection, and thermostat testing—extends lifespan by 3–5 years. Installation requires adherence to NEC and UPC codes, especially regarding electrical wiring and pressure relief. Avoid shortcuts: undersized breakers, improper grounding, or skipping anode replacement will lead to premature failure. When replacing, match capacity to household demand—50 gallons remains the industry sweet spot. For maximum ROI, pair your State Select with a water softener and schedule annual inspections. Always register your unit and retain installation receipts for warranty claims.
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